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Translation of the Eighteenth century Gothic novel
The most notable novels from the 18th-century Gothic genre were written by British authors in English and translated throughout history into other languages, but other writers throughout continental Europe contemporaneously emerged to write Gothic novels in their own native tongues (Frank, Frederick S.: "The First Gothics: A Critical Guide To The English Gothic Novel", page 32. New York : Garland Pub., 1987).〔Frank, Frederick S.: "The First Gothics: A Critical Guide To The English Gothic Novel", page 32. New York : Garland Pub., 1987.〕 While British writers like Horace Walpole and Ann Radcliffe were writing about castles and ghosts, so too was the German author Friedrich Schiller, the French author Marquis de Sade, and the Ukrainian author Jan Potocki. One of the Marquis de Sade's most famous novels ''The 120 Days of Sodom'' has been translated from the French to English, German, and most recently Japanese (Barzun, Jacques: "European Writers: The Romantic Century Volume 5", page 175. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1986).〔Barzun, Jacques: "European Writers: The Romantic Century Volume 5", page 175. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1986〕 Beyond continental Europe, it is difficult to find authors anywhere else in the world producing Gothic genre novels in the 18th century.
== Translation as framing device ==
At least two Gothic authors utilize the literary concept of translation as a framing device for their novels. Ann Radcliffe's Gothic novel ''The Italian'' boasts a weighty framing, wherein her narrator claims that the story the reader is about to hear has been recorded and translated from a manuscript entrusted to an Italian man by a close friend who overheard the story confessed in a church. Radcliffe uses this translational framing to evidence how her extraordinary story has traveled to the reader (Radcliffe, Ann: "The Italian". Oxford University Press,2008).〔Radcliffe, Ann: "The Italian". Oxford University Press,2008〕 In the fictitious preface to his Gothic novel ''The Castle of Otranto'', Horace Walpole claims his story was produced in Italy, recorded in German, then discovered and translated in English. Walpole's story of transnational translation lends his novel an air of tempting exoticism that is highly characteristic of the Gothic genre (Walpole, Horace: "The Castle of Otranto". Oxford University Press, 2009).〔Walpole, Horace: "The Castle of Otranto". Oxford University Press, 2009〕
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